(Syllabus) Haryana PSC: VETERINARY SURGEON
MILK AND MEAT HYGIENE, FOOD SAFETY AND PUBLIC HEALTH
Milk hygiene in relation to public health. Microbial flora of milk and milk
products. Sources of milk contamination during collection and transport of milk
and processing of dairy products. Control of milk and milk product
contamination. Hygienic handling management of dairy equipment Quality control
of milk and milk products. Milk hygiene
practices in India and other countries. Legislation and standards for milk and
milk products. Milk as a source of disease transmission.
Pathological conditions associated with the transport of food animals.
Elements of meat inspection. Hygiene in abattoirs. Ante-mortem inspection of
meat animals. Humane slaughter of animals. Postmortem inspection of meat
animals. Methods of inspection of meat. Rigor mortis and examination of lymph
nodes. Speciation of meat. Health implications of emergency and causality
slaughter. Hygienic disposal of unsound meat. Inspection of poultry and aquatic
foods (fish) for human consumption. Occupational health hazards in meat
processing plants. Meat as a source of disease transmission. Food safety,
definition, hazard analysis and critical control point (HACCP) system and
chemical and microbial toxicities associated with milk, meat and aquatic foods.
Risk analysis: assessment and management and food safety measures. Toxic
residues (pesticides, antibiotics, metals and hormones) and microbial toxins in
food and their
health hazards. Types of bio-hazards. Sanitary and phytosanitary measures in
relation to foods of animal origin and aquatic foods. International and national
food safety standards {Office International des Epizootics (OIE), World Trade
Organisation (WTO), Sanitary and Phytosanitary (SPS) and Codex Alimentarius}.
VETERINARY EPIDEMIOLOGY AND ZOONOSES
Definitions and aims of epidemiology. Factors influencing occurrence of
livestock diseases and production. Ecological basis and natural history of
diseases. Sources, Storage, retrieval and representation of disease
information/data. Epidemiological hypothesis. Epidemiological methods:
descriptive, analytical (observational), experimental, theoretical (modeling),
serological and molecular. Survey of animal diseases. Surveillance and
monitoring of livestock diseases. Animal disease forecasting. Strategies of
disease management: prevention, control anderadication. Economics of animal
diseases. National and International regulations on livestock diseases. Role of
OIE and laws on international trade on animals and animal products
Definition,
history and socio-economic impact of zoonotic diseases. Classification of
zoonoses and approaches to their management. New, emerging, re-emerging and
occupational zoonoses. . Role of domestic, wild, pet and laboratory animals and
birds in transmission of zoonoses. Zoonotic pathogens as agents of
bio-terrorism. Reservoirs, clinical manifestations 52 in animals and humans, and
the management of the following zoonoses: rabies, Japanese encephalitis,
Kyasanur forest disease, influenza, anthrax, brucellosis, tuberculosis,
leptospirosis, listeriosis, plague, rickettsiosis, chlamydiosis and
dermatophytosis. Food borne zoonoses: salmonellosis, staphylococcosis,
clostridial food poisoning, campylobacteriosis, helmintrrosis.toxoplasmosis and
sarcocystosis. Veterinary Public Health Administration.
ENVIRONMENT AND ENVIRONMENTAL HYGIENE
Definition, scope and importance. Ecosystem: types, structure and functions.
Food chains. Bio-diversity uses, threats and conservation. Natural resources:
forest, mineral, soil and watertheir uses and abuses. Environmental
pollution-causes, and effects. Control measures of air, water, soil, marine,
thermal and noise pollution. Nuclear hazards. Biosafety and risk assessment
Environment Protection Acts and related issues. Disaster management Sources of
water supply and water quality, Sources of water contamination. Bacteriology of
water. Physical, chemical, microbiological and biological evaluation of water.
Water purification. Disposal of sewage and farm wastes. Health implications of
farm wastes. Sanitation and disinfection of animal houses. Recycling of farm
wastes. Sources of air pollution within animal houses and its effect on animal
health and production Ventilation and ventilation systems within animal houses
and specialized laboratories. Prevention and control of air and water-borne
diseases. Problems of atmospheric pollution (acid rah, depletion of ozone layer,
methane production, green house effect and global warming). Tannery, wool, bone
and blood meal industry pollution and its control. Stray and fallen animal
management Pollution due to industrial
wastes.
VETERINARY GYNAECOLOGY
Clinical evaluation and abnormalities of reproductive tracts in domestic
animals. Delayed Puberty and sexual maturity. Estrus detection. Aberrations of
estrus and estrous cycle. Seasonal breeding. Pregnancy diagnosis- different
methods- in different species. Superfoetation and Superfecundation. Fertility,
Infertility & sterility- Anatomical, hereditary, nutritional, managerial,
hormonal and infectious causes. Anoestrus, ovulatory defects and cystic ovarian
degeneration. Repeat breeding: Fertilization failure, early embryonic mortality.
Specific & non- specific infections affecting genital organsendometritis,
cervicitis, vaginitis. Fertility parameters. Sexual hearth control and
reproductive hearth management. Clinical use of hormones in female infertility.
Breeding management mismating, psuedopregnancy, transmissible venereal tumor-(TVT)
in bitches
Induction of estrus, Synchronization of estrus, Follicular Dynamics,
Ovulation, Superovulation, and Embryo Transfer Technology. Immune-modulation for
enhancement of fecundity
VETERINARY OBSTETRICS
Types and functions of placenta in different species. Diseases & accidents
during gestationAbortion in domestic animals-diagnosis & control. Dropsy of
fetal membranes and fetus. Fetal "mummification, maceration, pyometra and
mucometra. Prolonged gestation. Teratology. Premature birth. Uterine torsion.
Cervico-vaginal prolapse. Termination of pregnancy. Parturition. Puerperium
and involutionofuterusindomestic animals. Care and management of dam and
newborn.
Dystocia- Types of dystocia - maternal & fetal- approach, diagnosis and
treatment Epidural & other anesthesia in obstetrical practice. Obstetrical
operations- rnutation, forced extractions, fetotomy and cesarean section.
Injuries and diseases in relation to parturition. Postpartum diseases and
complications: uterine prolapse, retention of fetal membranes, metritis,
postpartum paraplegia.
Animal birth control- ovariohysterectomy and non surgical interventions
GENERAL VETERINARY SURGERY, ANESTHESIOLOGY AND DIAGNOSTIC IMAGING
General Surgery
Introduction, history, classification, surgical terminology and development
of veterinary surgery. Asepsis-antisepsis, their application in veterinary
surgery. Surgical risk and judgment. Management of shock, haemmorrhage.
Principles of fluid therapy in surgical patients. Differential diagnosis and
surgical treatment of abscess, tumors, cyst haematoma, necrosis, gangrene, bum.
Wound: classification, symptoms, diagnosis and treatment; complications, their
treatment and prevention.
Anaesthesiology
Preanaesthetic considerations and preanaesthetics. Anaesthesia, local
analgesia/anaesthesia, General anaesthesia, anaesthetic agents (like
barbiturates, dissociative agents). Inhalation anaesthesia and agents,
maintenance and monitoring of general anaesthesia. Anaesthetic emergencies and
their management Only awareness of neuroleptanalgesia, electroanaesthesia,
acupuncture, hypothermia, muscle relaxants. Post operative pain management
General principles of chemical restraint of wild / zoo animals
and anaesthesia of lab animals.
Diagnostic Imaging
Production and properties of X-rays. Factors influencing production of X-ray
Principles of viewing and interpreting X-ray films, classification of
radiographic lesions. Contrast radiography: classification, materials, uses,
indications and contra indications. 73 Biological effects of radiation,
radiation hazards and their prevention by adoption of safety measures.
Principles of ultrasonography and its applications in veterinary practice.
Awareness on principles of radiation therapy, Isotopes and their uses in
diagnosis and therapy; Principles and application of CT scan, MRI,
echocardiography, scintigraphy, gamma camera, xeroradiography and Doppler.
REGIONAL VETERINARY SURGERY
Head and Neck
Affections of the lips and cheek and their treatment Affections of the tongue
and their treatment. Treatment of cleft palate. Nasal polyps Affections and
treatment of Guttural pouch, empyema, chondroids, tympanitis. Sinusitis, pus in
the sinus. Affections of the horn and their treatment (avulsion of the horn,
fracture of the horn, horn cancer and fissure in horn). Debudding and amputation
of the hors-. Affections of the teeth and their treatment congenital
abnormalities, irregular molars.(shear mouth, sharp teeth, wave form mouth, step
formed mouth) dental tartar and dental caries, dental tumor and periodontal
disease. Bishoping. Affections of safvary glands and their treatment (Trauma,
sialoliths, salivary cysts, salivary fistula). Affections of the upper and lower
jaw and treatment Affections of the ear and their treatment (haematoma and
chronic otorrhoea). Eye: Csnical examination of the eye. Surgical affections of
the eye: Entropion, ectropion, tumor of eye. Conjunctiva: Conjunctivitis,
occlusion of nasolacrimal duct squint Eyeball: affections of the eye:
hydropthalmia, glaucoma, tumors of eye, panopthalmia, injuries and
infections of anterior and posterior chambers. Worm in the eye. Affections of
esophagus: choke, esophageal stenosis, dilation and diverticulum. Tracheal
injuries and
tracheal collapse. Affections of pharynx and larynx. Foreign bodies (Oral
cavity).
Thorax and Abdomen
Fracture of rib. Perforated wounds, sternal fistula, pneumocele, traumatic
pneumothorax Hernia: classification, etiology, diagnosis and treatment (urnbical,
ventral, inguinal, perineal, diaphragmatic). Surgical affections of the stomach
in dogs {cardia, pyloric stenosis, torsion).' Surgical affections, diagnosis and
treatment of stomach in ruminants (ruminal impaction, traumatic reticulitis,
diaphramatic hernia abomasal displacement, omasal impaction). Surgical
affections of intestines: intestinal obstruction, intussusception, strangulation
(volvulus) in 74 large and small animals. Caecal dilation, torsion. Affections
of rectum: prolapse, rectal tear, anal adenitis. Congenital anomalies of colon,
rectum, anus. Surgical affections of fiver, spleen. Surgical affections of
kidney,ureters, urinary bladder. Urolithiasis and urethral stenosis their
sequlae and surgical treatment Surgical affections of penis and sheath,
affections of testicle, scrotum. Surgical affections of udder and teat Canine
mammary neoplasms.
VETERINARY ORTHOPAEDICS AND LAMENESS
Body conformation of the horse in relation to lameness (trunk, fore limb and
hind limb) Lameness, definition, classification and diagnosis. Shoulder slip (sweeny),
bicipital bursitis, omarthritis, capped elbow, radial paralysis, carpitis. bent
knee, and knock-knee. Hygroma of knee, open knee, blemished knee. Fracture of
carpal bone, fracture of accessory carpal, contraction of digital flexors.
Splints, sore shin, wind puffs, sesamoid iris Osstots, ringbone, quittor, side
bone, Navicular disease, pyramidal disease. Laminitis, sand crack, seedy toe,
fractures of third phalanx, pedal osteitis, and sole penetration. Canker, thresh
and com, Monday morning disease, cording up, myositis of psoas, Mac thrombosis,
Crural paralysis, subluxation of sacroiliac joint rupture of round ligament
trochantric bursitis. Upward luxation fixation of patella, stringhalt, gonitis,
chondromalacia of patella, rupture of tendoachilles, rupture of peroneus tertius,
fibrotic myopathy and ossifying myopathy. Thoroughpin, bog spavin, spavin, curb,
capped hock. Bovine lameness: contusion of sole, ulceration of sole, septic
laminitis. avulsion of hoof and subluxation of patella. Interdigital fibroma,
cyst sand crack, hoof deformities. Speckle joint disease (septic arthritis,
osteochondritis dessicans, degenerative joint disease) in large animals and
their treatment. Specific joint disease in dogs and their treatment. (Intervertebral
disc protrusion, spondylosis) elbow and hip dysptasta Rupture of cruciate
ligament. Fracture and dislocation. Classification and general principles or
fracture repair. Application of external and internal immobilization for
different bone fractures in small and. large animals. Complications of fracture
healing. Affections of tendon, 75 tendon sheath, bursa and ligaments. Principles
of physiotherapy, classification, scope and limitations
VETERINARY CLINICAL MEDICINE-I
(GENERAL & SYSTEMIC)
History and scope of Veterinary Medicine, Concept of animal diseases.
Concepts of diagnosis, differential diagnosis and prognosis. General systemic,
states, hyperthermia, hypothermia, fever, septicemia, toxemia, shook and
dehydration. Aetiology, clinical 76 manifestations, diagnosis, differential
diagnosis, treatment prevention and control of the following diseases of
cattle,- buffalo sheep/goat equine, pig and pet animals. Diseases of digestive
system with special reference to rumen dysfunction and diseases of stomach In
nonruminants. Affections of peritoneum, liver and pancreas. Diseases of
respiratory and cardiovascular systems including blood and blood forming organs.
Diseases of urogenital system & lymphatic system. Emergency medtelne and
critical care.
VETERINARY PREVENTIVE MEDICINE-I
(BACTERIAL, FUNGAL& RICKETTSIAL DISEASES)
Clinical manifestation, diagnosis, prevention and control of infectious
diseases, namely mastitis, haemorrhagic septicaemia, brucellosis, tuberculosis,
Jobne's disease. black quarter, tetanus, listeriosis, leptospirosis,
campylobacteriosis, actinomycosis, actinobacillosis, enterotoxaemia, glanders,
strangles, ulcerative lymphangitis, colibacillosis, fowl typhoid, putiorum
disease, fowl cholera, avian mycoplasmosis, sppirochaetosis, salmonellosis,
swine erysipelas. Other important bacterial diseases of regional importance
(e.g. contagious caprine pleuropneumonia, contagious bovine pleuropneuonia
etc.). Bacterial diseases of bio terrorism Instance - anthrax, botulism etc
Chlamydosis, Q fever, anaplasmosis, Dermatphillosis, aspergillosis (brooders
pneumonia), candidiasis, histoplasmosis, sporotrichosis, coccidiodomycosis,
mycotoxicosis, etc
VETERINARY CLINICAL MEDICINE -II
(METABOLIC & DEFICIENCY DISEASES)
Aetiology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, differential diagnosis,
treatment prevention and control of metabolic disorders/ production diseases.
Milk fever, acute parturient hypocalcaemia in goats, sows and bitches,
osteodystrophy fibrosa, lactation tetany in mares, downer cow syndrome, ketosis,
hypomagnesaemia in cattle and buffalo, azoturia in equines, hypothyroidism and
diabetes in dogs. Diagnosis and management of diseases caused by deficiency of
iron, copper, cobalt zinc, manganese, selenium, calcium, phosphorus, magnesium,
vitamin A, D, E, B. complex, K and C in domestic animals and poultry.
Nutritional haemoglobinuria. Diseases of neonates. Diseases of skin,
musculoskeletal system, nervous system and sense organs of domestic animals.
Management of common clinical poisonings. Rote of alternative/integrated/ethno
veterinary medicine in animal disease management.
VETERINARY PREVENTIVE MEDICINE-II
(VIRAL & PARASITIC DISEASES)
Clinical manifestation, diagnosis, prevention and control of infectious
diseases, namely foot and mouth disease, rinderpest bovine viral diarrhoea,
malignant catarrhal fever, Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis, enzootic bovine
leucosis, ephemeral fever, blue tongue, sheep and goat pox, PPR, classical swine
fever. Important exotic diseases for differential diagnosis - African swine
fever, swine vesicular disease, vesicular stomatitis, Rift valley fever,
Aujeezky's disease. Rabies, African horse sickness, equine influenza, equine
infectious anaemia, equine rhinopneumonitis, canine distemper, Infectious canine
hepatitis, canine parvoviral disease. Highly pathogenic avian influenza,
Newcastle (Ranikhet) disease, Merek's disease. avian leucosis, Infectious
bronchitis, infectious larynotracheitis, avian encaphalomyelitis, fowl pox,
infectious bursal disease, Inclusion body hepatitis-hydropericardlum sypdrome.
Other emerging and exotic viral diseases of global importance. Amphistomosis,
fascioliosis, {Gastrointestinal nematodiasis, schistosomosis, echinococcosis,
tapeworm infestations (cysticercosis), verminous broochitis, coeneurosis,
trichomonosis, blood protozoan infections (trypanosomosis. theileriosis.
babesiosis etc.). canine eperythrozoon infection, coccidiosis.
ANIMAL WELFARE, ETHICS AND JURISPRUDENCE
Definition of animal welfare and ethics. Human and animal welfare in relation
to ecosystem and environmental factors. Role of veterinarians in animal welfare.
Animal welfare organisations, Animal Welfare Board of India - their role,
functions and current status. Rules, regulations, laws on animal welfare.
Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (PCA) Act, 1960 {59 of 1960). Role and function
of Committee for the purpose of Controlling and Supervising Experiments in
Animals (CPCSEA). Protection of wild life in nature and captivity. Protection
and welfare of performing animals. Welfare of animals during transportation.
Animal welfare in commercial livestock farming practices. Protection and welfare
of working animate. Pet and companion animal welfare. Animal welfare during
natural calamities and disaster management Legal duties of veterinarians,
Forensic and State Medicine laws. Common offences against animals and laws
related to these offences. Examination of living and dead animals in criminal
cases. Cruelly to the animals and bestiality. Legal aspects of: Examination of
animals for soundness, examination of Injuries and post-mortem examination.
Causes of sudden death in animals. Collection and despatch of materials for
chemical examination, detection of frauds-doping, alternation of description,
bishoping etc. Cattle slaughter and evidence procedure in courts. Provincial and
Central Acts relating to animals. Glanders and Farcy Act 1899 (13 of 1899).
Dourine Act 1910 (5 of 1910), Laws relating to offences affecting Public Hearth.
Laws relating to poisons and adulteration of drugs. Livestock Importation Act
Evidence, liability and insurance. Code of Conduct and Ethics for veterinarians
- the Regulations made under Indian Veterinary Council Act, 1984.
ZOO/WILD ANIMAL BREEDING, NUTRITION, MANAGEMENT AND HEALTH CARE
Taxonomy of various genera of wild/zoo animals of India along with their
descriptions. Ethology of wild life species. Basic principles of habitat and
housing of various classes of wild and zoo animals. Population dynamics of wild
animals, effective population size of wild animals in captivity/zoo/natural
habitats. Planned breeding of wild animals. Controlled breeding and assisted
reproduction. Breeding for conservation of wild animals. Feeding habits, feeds
and feeding schedules of zoo animals. Nutrient requirements of wild animals,
Diet formulation and feeding of various age groups, sick and geriatric animals.
Restrain, capture, handling, physical examination and transport of wild and zoo
animals. Principles of anaesthesia, anaesthetics, chemicals of restraining,
common surgical Interventions. Capture myopathy. Principles of zoo hygiene,
public health problems arising from zoos. Prevention, control and treatment of
infectious, parasitic, nutritional and metabolic diseases in zoo and wild
animals. Acts and Rules related to Zoo and wild animals. National 79 and
international organisations and institutions interlinked to wild and zoo animals
- rote and functioning.
PET/ ANIMAL BREEDING, MANAGEMENT, NUTRITION AND HEALTH CARE
Breeds of dogs- international pedigree breeds and those commonly seen in
India. Pedigree sheet and major breed traits. Detection of oestrus and Breeding
of dogs. Selecting a breed to keep, selection of a pup.
Feeding of dogs- nutritional requirements of important breeds and different
age groups. Management of dogs-kennels, care of pups and pregnant bitch. Dog
shows- preparation for the shows, kennel clubs, important characters for
judgment. Whelping. Utility of dogsguarding, defense, patrolling, riot control,
scouting, espionage, mine detection, tracking, guiding, hunting, races,
retrieving, rescue, and other uses. Principles of training of dogs.
Common diseases affecting dogs (bacterial, viral, parasitic, fungal,
nutritional etc.) - their clinical manifestations, diagnosis, treatment and
control. Vaccination/ deworming schedules. Common surgical interventions in
dogs- docking, ear cropping, nail cutting, sterilization. Common anaesthetics
and anaesthesia in dogs.
Common breeds of cats, their habits, feeding, breeding and management. Common
diseases of cats-their diagnosis, treatment and control. Common surgical
interventions in cat. Common pet birds seen in India. Introduction to their
caging, breeding, feeding, management, disease control and prevention.
LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION MANAGEMENT-I
(GENERAL PRINCIPLES AND RUMINANTS)
Livestock in India- association of livestock to Indian society during vedic,
medieval and modern era. Demographic distribution of livestock and role in
economy. Animal holding and land holding patterns in different agro-ecologies.
Introductory animal husbandry. Common animal husbandry terms. Body
conformation and identification. Dentition and ageing of animals. Transport of
livestock by rail, road, air and on foot. Common farm management practices
including disinfection, isolation, quarantine and disposal of carcass.
Introduction to methods of drug administration. Common vices of animals, their
prevention and care. Livestock production systems of different agro-climatic
zones. Livestock resources and resources management Livestock
produce and products and their availability and their role in rural/urban
hearth/economy. Organic livestock production.
General principles affecting the design and construction of building for
housing for various livestock species. Selection of site. Arrangements of the
building with special reference to Indian conditions.
Utilisation of local materials. Building materials used for construction of
wall, roof and floor of animal houses, their characteristics, merits and
demerits.
Demography of cattle and buffalo population. Breeds and breed descriptors of
important breeds. Important traits of cattle and buffaloes. General management
and feeding practices of calves, heifers, pregnant, lactating and dry animals in
bulls and working animals. Draught ability of cattle and buffaloes. Raising of
buffalo mates for meat production. Housing systems, layout and design of
different biddings for dairy animals inducing backyard dairy and mixed farms.
Routine dairy farm operations and labour management Methods of milking and
precautions. Factors affecting quality and quantity of milk production. Clean
max production. Dairy farm accounts and records. Concepts of input and output
cost of dairy farming (small and large holdings).
Demography of sheep and goat population and their rote in economy. Breeds and
breed descriptors. Important bans for meat milk and fibre. General management
and feedingpractices during different stages of growth, development and
production (milk, meat and wool) in small and large holdings. Breeding schedule
and management of ram and buck. Weaning and fattening of lambs and kids.
Glossaries of terms In wool industry. Shearing of sheep. Physical and chemical
properties of wool. Impurities in wool Factors influencing the quality of wool
grading. Recovery of wool wax and its use. Housing systems, layout and design of
different buildings for small ruminants Judging for the quality and confirmation of body parts of cattle, buffalo, sheep and goat
Culling of animals. Preparation of animals for show.
Problems and prospects of dairy, meat and wool industry in India. Animal and
animal products market and marketing. Animal Fairs and Melas. Animal pounds and
Goshalas.
FODDER PRODUCTION AND GRASSLAND MANAGEMENT
Importance of grasslands and fodders in-livestock production. Agronomical
practices for production of leguminous and non-leguminous fodders in different
seasons. Soil and water conservation and irrigation drainage for fodder
production. Farm, power and agroenergy. Farm machinery and equipment Harvesting
and post harvest techniques "for fodder preservation. Storage of feeds and
fodders. Scarcity fodders. Feed and fodder management for individual animals.
Fodder production for small units through inter cropping or back yard
cultivation. Recycling of animals washings and wastes in fodder production.
AVIAN PRODUCTION MANAGEMENT
Indian Poultry industry-brief outline of the different segments-poultry
statistics.
Classification of poultry, common breeds of poultry including duck, quail,
turkey & guinea fowl and their descriptions. Description of indigenous fowls.
Reproduction in fowl, male and female reproduction systems, formation of
eggs, structure of eggs. Important economic traits of poultry, egg production,
egg weight egg quality, growth, feed consumption and feed efficiency, fertility
and hatchability, plumage characteristics and comb types. Scavenging system of
management raising of chicks, scavenger feed base of village. Low input
technology; backyard and semi intensive unit of various sizes; their
description, management and economic achievements.
New colored feathered birds developed in public and private sectors for meat
and egg production for rural poultry; their acceptability and assimilation in
rural eco-system. Mixed farming and poultry raising. Concept of self-local
market unit
Brooding and rearing practices used for chicken, duck, quail, turkey and
guinea fowl. Economic production of chicken and other classes of poultry.
Hatching and feeding norms for different species of poultry. Marketing of
poultry and poultry products. Setting of farms for different classes of poultry.
Organic and hill farming.
BIO-STATISTICS AND COMPUTER APPLICATION
A. Basic Statistics:
Introduction and importance. Statistics, parameters, observation, recording
and graphical representation of data Probability and probability distributions:
binomial, Poisson and normal. Measures of central tendency and measures of
dispersion (simple and grouped data). Moments and skewness to kurtosis.
Correlation and regression. Tests of hypothesis and t Z, X2 and F tests of
significance and their interrelationship. Livestock census procedure and census.
Introduction to sample survey methods for livestock and livestock products.
Bioassay - meaning and uses.
B. Experimental designs:
Completely Randomized Design (CRD.) and Randomized Block Design (R,B.D).
Analysis of variance.
C. Computer application:
Computer and its components; Types of computers; Hardware, software, human
ware and firm ware. Type of memories. Computer languages and their scope and
limitations. Computer programming : Data types: Constants, variables,
expressions, operations, functions, flow charts, commands, simple programs and
their execution- scope and limitations. Data base management system: Storage of
data, filing, retrieving, reproduction. Use of computer in animal husbandry and
veterinary practices.
PRINCIPLES OF ANIMAL GENETICS AND POPULATION GENETICS
History of Genetics. Chromosome numbers and types in livestock and poultry.
Mitosis, Meiosis and gametogenesis. Overview of Mendelian principles; Modified
Mendelian inheritance: gene interaction; multiple alleles; lethals; sex-linked,
sex limited and sex influenced traits; linkage and crossing over, Mutation,
Chromosomal aberrations;
Cytogenetics, Extra-chromosomal inheritance. Gene concept -classical and
molecular.
Population genetics: Genetic structure of population: Gene and genotypic
frequency: Hardy - Weinberg law and its application; Forces {eg Mutation,
migration, selection and drift) changing gene and genotypic frequencies.
Quantitative genetics: Nature and properties; Values and means. Components of
phenotypic and genotypic variance; Concept of genotype and environment
interaction, Resemblance between relatives; Heritability, repeatability, genetic
and phenotypic correlations.
LIVESTOCK AND POULTRY BREEDING
History of Animal Breeding; Classification of breeds; Economic characters of
livestock and poultry and their importance; Breeding/Selection techniques for
optimal production. Selection: Response to selection and factors affecting it;
Bases of selection individual, pedigree, family, sib, progeny and combined;
Indirect selection; Multitrait selection. Classification of mating systems;
Inbreeding and out breeding-genetic and phenotypic consequences viz., inbreeding
depression and heterosis: Systems of utilization of heterosis; Selection for
combining ability; Breeding methods for the improvement of dairy cattle and
buffaloes {crossbreeding, sire evaluation, field progeny testing, open nucleus
breeding system (ONBS)}, sheep, goat, swine and poultry; Breed development;
Conservation of germplasm, Current livestock and poultry breeding programmes in
the state and country.
PRINCIPLES OF ANIMAL NUTRITION AND FEED TECHNOLOGY
Importance of nutrients in animal production and health. Composition of
animal body and plants. Nutritional terms and their definitions. Importance of
minerals (major and trace elements) and vitamins in health and production, their
requirements and supplementation in feed. Common feeds and fodders, their
classification, availability and importance for livestock and poultry
production. Measures of food energy and their applications - gross energy,
digestible energy, metabolisable energy, net energy, total digestible nutrients,
starch equivalent, food units, physiological fuel value. Direct and indirect
calorimetry, carbon and nitrogen balance studies. Protein evaluation of feeds -
Measures of protein quality in ruminants and non-ruminants, biological value of
protein, protein efficiency ratio, protein equivalent, digestible crude protein.
Calorie protein ratio. Nutritive ratio. Various physical, chemical and
biological methods of feed processing for improving the nutritive value of
inferior quality roughages. Preparation, storage and conservation of livestock
feed through silage and hay and their uses in livestock feeding. Harmful natural
constituents and common adulterants of feeds and fodders. Feed additives in the
rations of livestock and poultry; Antibiotics and hormonal compounds and other
growth stimulants, and their uses.
APPLIED NUTRITION-l (RUMINANTS)
Importance of scientific feeding. Feeding experiments. Digestion and
metabolism trial. Norms adopted in conducting digestion trial. Measurement of
digestibility. Factors affecting digestibility of a feed. Feeding standards,
their uses and significance, merit and demerits of various feeding standards
with reference to ruminants. Nutrient requirements of livestockenergy and
protein requirement for maintenance and production. Methods adopted for arriving
at energy and protein requirements for maintenance and production in terms of
growth, reproduction, milk, meat, wool and work. Balanced ration and its
characteristics. General principles of computation of rations. Formulation of
rations and feeding of dairy cattle and buffaloes during different phases of
growth, development and production (neonate, young, mature, pregnant, lactating
and dry animals; breeding bull and working animals). Formulation of ration and
feeding of sheep and goat during different phases of growth, development and
production (milk, meat and wool). Use of NPN compound for ruminants.
MILK AND MILK PRODUCTS TECHNOLOGY
Milk Industry in India. Layout of milk processing plant and its management,
Composition and nutritive value of milk and factors affecting composition of
milk. Physico-chemical properties of milk. Microbiological deterioration of milk
and milk products. Collection, chilling, standardization, pasteurization,
homogenizatJbn, bactofugation. Principles of dehydration. Preparation of butter,
paneer/channa, ghee, khoa, lassi, dahi, ice-cream, Cheddar cheese and dairy
byproducts, Good Manufacturing Practices. Implementation of HACCP.
Toxic/pesticides residues in milk and milk products. Packaging, transportation,
storage and distribution of milk and milk products. Organic milk food products.
Legal and BIS standards of milk and milk products. Sanitation in milk plant
MEAT SCIENCE
Retrospect and prospect of meat Industry in India, Structure and composition
of muscle (Including poultry muscle), conversion of muscle to meat, nutritive
value of meat. Fraudulent substitution of meat, preservation of meat and aquatic
foods - drying, salting, curing, smoking, chilling, freezing, canning, Ip^SfatJon,
antibiotic and chemicals. Ageing of meat Modem processing technologies of meat
and meat products. Packaging of meat and meat products. Formulation and
development of meat and sea foods -kabab, sausages, meat baiIs/patties, tandoori
chicken, soup, pickles, surimi, smoked fish. Physico-chemical and
microbiological quality of meat and aquatic food and food products. Basics of
sensory evaluation of meat products. Nutritive value, preservation, packaging of
egg and egg products. Laws governing national international trade of meat and
meat products. Organic meat food products. Food products of genetically modified
animal and marine origin.
Courtesy: HPSC
