General Knowledge for SSC Exams (Supreme Court)

The Supreme Court stands at the apex of the judicial system of India.

Composition	The Supreme Court consists of one Chief Justice and 25 other judges. The Chief Justice is appointed by the President and the other judges are appointed be the President in consultation with the Chief Justice.
Seat	The Supreme Court normally sits in New Delhi. However, it can hold its meetings anywhere in India. The decision in this regard is taken by the Chief Justice of India in Consultation with the President.
Qualification	The Supreme Court normally sits in New Delhi. However, it can hold its meetings anywhere in India. The decision in this regard is taken by the Chief Justice of India in Consultation with the President.
Functions	(i) It decides disputes between the Union Government and he states. (ii) It hears certain appeals in civil and criminal cases from the High Courts. (iii) The President can refer any question of law or fact of sufficient importance to the Supreme Court for its opinion. and (iv) It can issue directions or writs for the enforcement of any of the Fundamental Rights referred by the Constitution.
Tenure	Judges of the Supreme Court can hold office up to the age of 65 years.
Remuneration	Chief Justice of India-Rs 1,00,000 per month; Judges of the Supreme Court- Rs 90,000 per month.
Retirement	The Chief Justice and other judges are entitled to a pension of Rs 60,000 and Rs 54,000 per annum, respectively. After retirement, a judge of the Supreme Court shall not plead or act in any court before any authority in India.
Removal of a Judge	A judge of the Supreme Court can only be removed from office by an order of the President, after an address by each House of Parliament, supported by a majority of the total membership of the Houses and by a majority of not less than two-third of the members present and voting. He can be removed only on the grounds of: (i) Proven misbehavior and (ii) Incapacity to act as a judge [Article 124(4)].

JURISDICTION AND SEATs OF HIGH COURTS

India has unified judiciary system and S.C. is at the apex. It is the final interpretor of the constitution. The Supreme Court of India consists of 31 Judges (including the Chief Justice of India). The judges hold office until they attain the age of 65 years. The Supreme Court of India has original jurisdiction in any dispute arising:

(a) between the Government of India and one or more States or

(b) between the Government of India and any State or States on the one side and one or more states on the other or

(c) between two or more States.

There are 24 High Courts in the country, three having jurisdiction over more than one State. Among the Union Territories, Delhi alone has a High Court of its own. Each High Court, comprises a Chief Justice and such other Judges as the President may, from time of time appoint. The Chief justice of a High Court is appointed by the President in consultation with the Chief Justice of India and the Governor of the State. They hold office upto 62 years of age. To be eligible for appointment as a judge, one must be a citizen of India and should have held a judicial office in India for 10 years or must have practiced as an advocate of a High Court or two or more such courts in succession for a similar period.

Name	Year	Territorial Jurisdiction	Seat
Allahabad	1866	Uttar Pradesh	Allahabad (Bench at Lucknow)
Andhra Pradesh	1954	Andhra Pradesh	Hyderabad
Mumbai	1862	Maharashtra, Goa, Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman	Mumbai (Benches at Nagpur, Panaji and Aurangabad)
Kolkata	1862	West Bengal	Kolkata (Circuit at Port Blair)
Chhattisgarh	2000	Bilaspur	Bilaspur
Delhi	1966	Delhi	Delhi
Guwahati	1948	Assam, Manipur, Meghalaya, Nagaland,Tripura, Mizoram and Arunachal Pradesh	Guwahati (Benches at Kohima, Aizawl,Imphal, Shillong, Agartala and Itanagar)
Gujarat	1960	Gujarat	Ahmedabad
Himachal Pradesh	1971	Shimla
Jammu and Kashmir	1928	Jammu and Kashmir	Srinagar and Kashmir
Jharkhand	2000	Jharkhand	Ranchi
Karnataka	1884	Karnataka	Bangaluru
Kerala	1958	Kerala and Lakshadweep	Ernakulam
Madhya Pradesh	1956	Madhya Pradesh	Jabalpur (Benches at Gwalior and Indore)
Madras	1862	Tamil Nadu and Puducherry	Chennai (Bench at Madurai)
Orissa	1948	Orissa	Cuttack
Patna	1916	Bihar	Patna
Punjab and Haryana	1966	Punjab, Haryana and Chandigarh	Chandigarh
Rajasthan	1949	Rajasthan	Jodhpur (Bench at Jaipur)
Sikkim	1975	Sikkim	Gangtok
Uttarakhand	2000	Uttarakhand	Nainital
Meghalaya	2013	Meghalaya	Shillang
Manipur	2013	Manipur	Imphal
Tripura	2013	Tripura	Agartala

Originally known as Assam High Court, renamed as Guwahati High Court in 1971.
Originally known as Mysore High Court, renamed as Karnataka High Court in 1973.
Originally known as Punjab High Court, renamed as Punjab and Haryana High Court in 1966
The structure and functions of subordinate courts are more or less uniform throughout the country. The district judge appointed by governor. The National Judicial Academy has been set up by the Government of India to provide in-service training to Judicial Officers. The Academy is located in Bhopal with its registered office in New Delhi.