General Knowledge for SSC Exams (Summary of Functions of Different Cell Organelles)

Balanced Diet

•  The components of food are: Carbohy-drates, Fats, Proteins, Minerals, Vitamins, Water and Roughage.

•  If all the components are present in optimum proportions and quantity for maintaining the body in perfect state of health, activity and development then the food is called balanced diet.

Carbohydrates

•  Constitutes 3 elements : Carbon, Hydrogen and Oxygen.

•  Daily requirement 500 gms. 1 gm gives 17 KJ of energy.

•  Sources : 3 main cereals (wheat, rice and maize), sugar cane, milk, fruits, honey, beet, etc.

•  They are of 3 types : Cellulose, Starch and Sugar.

•  Structurally, carbohydrates are of 3 types : Monosaccharides, Disaccharides and Polysaccharides.

•  Excess carbohydrate is stored in the liver in the form of glycogen.

Fats

•  Provides twice the energy of carbohydrates (1 gm provides 37 KJ of energy).

•  Acts as the reserve food material because excess fat is stored in the liver and as adipose tissue.

•  An enzyme called Lipase digests fats. It breaks down into fatty acids and glycerol.

•  Daily requirement: 50 gms.

Proteins

•  Made up of Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen and Nitrogen.

•  Important for growth and repair of the body.

•  Made up of amino acids.

•  Kwashiorkar and Marasmus are the diseases which occur due to deficiency of protein.

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