General Knowledge for SSC Exams (Indian States on International Boundaries)

Physical Features

India comprises four well-marked physical divisions:

1. The Himalayan Range

The Himalayas, amongst the youngest fold mountains in the world, surround India on the north, north-west and north-east. The Himalayan system, about 2400 km in length and varying in width from 240 to 320 kilometre, is made up of three parallel ranges:

1.  The Greater Himalayas (or northern range. average approx. 6000 m in height and contain three highest mountains on earth-Mount Everest (8848 m). K2 or Mount Godwin Austin (8611 m) and Kanchenjunga (8598 m),
2.  The Lesser Himalayas (averaging 1500 0 5000 m in height).
3.  The Outer Himalayas (or the Southern Himalayas), (averaging between 900 m and 1200 m in height lie between the Lesser Himalayas and the Indo-Gangetic Plains).

2. The Northern Plains or the Indo­Gangetic Plains

Formed by the valleys of the rivers Gangesand Brahmaputra, with a length of about 2400 km and width ranging between 240 to 320 km. These plains occupy11’3rd of India’s land surface and form the most fertile region. According to terrain characteristics, this plain consists of two parts:

(a) The upland plains, which lies above the flood level is made up of alluvial soil. It is one of the most fertile areas in the world.
(b) The low lands which are liable to inundation during floods.

3. The Ocean Plateau

Lying south of the northern plains, the plateau is flanked by mountain ranges called the Eastern and Western Ghats. It is geographically the oldest region of India, with rocks which are 3000 to 5000 million years old. The higher Deccan peaks reach over 2500 m which include the Nilgiri Hills.

4. Coastal Plains

The northern portion of the western coastal plain is called the Konkan and the southern portion is called the Malabar coast. The eastern coastal strip is known as the Coromandel Coast.

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