(General Knowledge) Awards & Honours : National -Bharat Ratna

Awards and Honours
National

BHARAT RATNA

Bharat Ratna is the highest national award given for exceptional work for advancement of art, literature and science or in recognition of public service of the highest order.

Recipients of Bharat Ratna

C. Rajagopalachari (1878–1972) 1954
Dr. Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan (1888–1975) 1954
Dr. C.V. Raman (1888–1970) 1954
Dr. Bhagwan Das (1869–1958) 1955
Dr. M. Visvesvaraya (1861–1962) 1955
Jawaharlal Nehru (1889–1964) 1955
Govind Ballabh Pant (1887–1961) 1957
Dr. Dhondo Keshav Karve (1858–1962) 1958
Dr. Bidhan Chandra Roy (1882–1962) 1961
Purushottam Das Tandon (1882–1962) 1961
Dr. Rajendra Prasad (1884–1963) 1962
Dr. Zakir Hussan (1897–1969) 1963
Dr. Pandurang Vaman Kane (1880–1972) 1963
Lal Bahadur Shastri (1904–1966) (Posthumous) 1966
Indira Gandhi (1917–1984) 1971
Varahagiri Venkatagiri (1884–1980) 1975
Kumaraswami Kamraj (1903–1975) (Posthumous) 1976
Mother Teresa (1910–1997) 1980
Acharya Vinobha Bhave (1895–1982) 1983
Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan (1890–1988) 1987
Marudu Gopalan Ramachandran (1917–1987) (Posthumous) 1988
Dr. Bhim Rao Ramji Ambedkar (1891–1956) (Posthumous) 1990
Dr. Nelson Rolihlaha Mandela (1918) 1990
Rajiv Gandhi (1944-1991) (Posthumous) 1991
Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel (1875–1950) 1991
Morarji Ranchhodji Desai (1869–1995) 1991
Maulana Abul Kalam Azad (1888–1958) (Posthumous) 1992
Jahangir Ratanji Dadabhai (J.R.D.) Tata (1904–1993) 1992
Satyajit Ray (1922–1992) 1992
Aruna Asaf Ali (1909–1996 (Posthumous) 1997
Gulzari Lal Nanda (1898–1997) (Posthumous) 1997
Dr. Avul Pakir Jainulabdeen Abdul Kalam (1931) 1997
Madurai Shanmukhavadivu (m.s) Subbalakshmi (1916) 1998
Chidambaram Subramaniam (1910–2000) 1998
Loknayak Jayaprakash Narayan (1902–1979) (Posthumous) 1999
Professor Amartya Sen (1933) 1999
Lokpriya Gopinath Bordoloi (1890–1950) (Posthumous) 1999
Pandit Ravi Shankar (1920) 1999
Lata Mangeshwar (1929) 2001
Ustad Bissmillah Khan (1916–2006) 2001
Pt. Bhimsen Joshi 2008

eature : The decoration is the form of a Peepal leaf, 2 inch long, 1-1/8inch in width and 1/2 inch thick, toned in bronze. On the obverse side is embossed a replica of the sun, below which the words ‘Bharat Ratna’ are embossed in Hindi. On the reverse are the State Emblem and a motto in Hindi. The emblem, the sun and rim are made of platinum.

Discontinuation of the Award : The award was discontinued by the Janta Government (Prime Minister Morarji Desai on July 13, 1977, and those who received the award in the past were informed that they would not be allowed to use it as a title).

Revival of the Award : In January 1980 Prime Minister Indira Gandhi decided to revive this award. After the revival, Mother Teresa was the first recipient.

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