General Knowledge for SSC Exams (Races and Tribes)

General Knowledge for SSC Exams (Races and Tribes)

World

Tribal and Ethnic Group

  • Afridis
: Northwesten frontier region of Pakistan
  • Afrikaner
: A racial group of South Africa
  • Amerinds
: People of mixed Indian and European blood in North America
  • Bantus
: Negroes of central and southern Africa.
  • Basque
: Spain.
  • Bedouins
: Nomadic tribe of Arab stock in Africa and Southwest Asia.
  • Berbers
: Tribals of Morocco, Algeria and Tunisia.
  • Bushmen
: Tribal inhabitants of Kalahari Desert in Africa. 
  • Bindibu
: Natives of Western Australia.
  • Cossacks
: Inhabitants of southern and eastern parts of Russia.
  • Croats
: Inhabitants of Croatia.
  • Dayak
: China.
  • Dinka
: Sudan.
  • Eskimos
: Natives of the tundra region (very cold high latitude areas) in Canada and Greenland.
  • Flemish
: Inhabitants of Belgium.
  • Filipinos
: Native people of Philippines.
  • Finns
: People of the European Tundra.
  • Gaucho
: Nomads of Pampas in Uruguay and Argentina.
  • Hamites
: Dark-skinned Muslims in North-West Africa.
  • Hema
: Democratic Republic of Congo.
  • Hottentots
: One of the original races inhabiting tropical Africa.
  • Lendu
: Democratic Republic of Congo.
  • Kaffris
: South Africa
  • Kirghiz
: People of the steppe-type region in Asia.
  • Kikuyu
: A tribe of east Africa.
  • Lapps
: People of the European Tundra.
  • Magyars
: Inhabitants of Hungary.
  • Maoris
: The original inhabitants of New Zealand.
  • Masai
: A Negro tribe of east Africa. 
  • Masuds
: A tribal group inhabiting Waziristan region of pakistan.
  • Mestizos
: People of mixed Indian and European blood in South America.
  • Moors
: A mixed tribe of Arabs and Berber people of Morocco.
  • Mulattos
: People of mixed European and Black blood inhabiting South America.
  • Papuans
: Tribals of New Guinea.
  • Pygmies
: Extremely Short-statured people of the Zaire Basin in Africa.
  • Red Indians
: Aborigins of North America.
  • Samoyeds
: People of the Asiatic Tundra (northern Russia).
  • Semites
: Jews and Ethiopians.
  • Slovenese
: People of Slavic origin inhabiting former Yugoslavia.
  • Swahili
: A group inhabiting parts of Kenya and Tanzania.
  • Tartar
: A mixed group of people in Siberia.
  • Veddas
: The racial stock of Sri Lanka.
  • Yakuts
: People in the Tundra region in Russia.
  • Zambos
: People of mixed Black and Indian blood inhabiting South America.
  • Zulus
: People of Bantu family inhabiting South Africa. 

India

  • Abhors
: People of Mongoloid stock living in the norhteastern parts of India.
  • Adivasis
: Tribals of Bastar district, Chhattisgarh.
  • Angami
: Tribals of Nagaland.
  • Ao
: Tribals of Nagaland.
  • Apatanis
: Tribals of Arunachal Pardesh.
  • Badagas
: Tribals of Nilgiri region in Tamil Nadu.
  • Baiga
: Tribals of Madhya Pradesh.
  • Bakkrowals
: People of Jammu and Kashmir who rear sheep and goats.
  • Bhils
: People of Dravidian stock now living in central India (MP) and Rajasthan.
  • Bhotias
: Tribals of Garhwal and Kumaon regions in Uttarakhand, and Sikkim and West Bengal.
  • Bhuia
: Tribals of MP
  • Birhors
: A tribal group of Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand and Orissa.
  • Chang
: Tribals found in North-East
  • Chenchus
: Tribals of Andhra Pradesh.
  • Chutra
: Tribals of Assam
  • Gaddis
: Tribals of Himachal Pradesh who rear sheep.
  • Gallong
: Tribals found in North-East
  • Garos
: Hill tribe of Meghalaya and Assam.
  • Gonds
: Tribals inhabiting forests in Madhya Pradesh, Jharkhand, Andhra Pradesh and Orissa.
  • Gujjars
: Animal rearers of Jammu and Kashmir and Himachal Pradesh.
  • Irula
: Tribals of Tamil Nadu
  • Jaintias
: Hill tribe of Meghalaya and Assam.
  • Jarawas
: One of the oldest tribes of Andaman and Nicobar Islands inhabiting little Andamans.
  • Kanikar
: Tribals found in Tamil Nadu
  • Katkari
: Tribals of MP
  • Kharia
: Tribals of MP
  • Khasa
: Tribals of Jaunsar Bhabar region in Uttarakhand.
  • Khasis
: Hill tribe of Meghalaya and Tripura.
  • Khonds
: Tribals inhabiting parts of Orissa.
  • Kol
: Tribals of Madhra Pradesh and Maharashtra.
  • Kolam
: Tribals of Andhya Pradesh
  • Kotas
: Tribals of Nilgiri Hills in Tamil Nadu.
  • Kuki
: A tribe of Manipur, Assam, Nagaland and Tripura.
  • Lahaulas
: Tribals inhabiting Lahaul region in Himachal Pradesh.
  • Lepchas
: Original tirbal inhabitants of Sikkim.
  • Lushai
: Tribals of Mizoram and Tripura.
  • Murias
: Tribals of Bastar district of Chhattisgarh.
  • Mikirs
: A tribal group of Assam.
  • Mompa
: Tribals found in North-East
  • Moplahs
: Muslims of the Malabar district in Kerala.
  • Munda
: A tribe of Jharkhand, West Bengal, Orissa, Tripura and Chhattisgarh.
  • Nagas
: Tribals of Nagaland.
  • Nishi
: Tribals of North-East
  • Oraon
: Tribals inhabiting parts of Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh, Orissa and West Bengal.
  • Onges
: One of the tribes of Andaman and Nicobar Islands.
  • Pho
: Tribals of North-East
  • Rengma
: Tribals of North-East
  • Sabra
: Tribals of MP
  • Sangtam
: Tribals of North-East
  • Santhals
: Tribals living in West Bengal, Jharkhand and Orissa.
  • Sema
: Tribals found in Nagaland
  • Sentinelese
: One of the short statured tribes of Andaman and Nicobar Islands.
  • Shompens
: Another tribal group of Andaman and Nicobar Islands.
  • Todas
: Tribals of the Nilgiri hills.
  • Uralis
: Tribals inhabiting parts of Kerala.
  • Varlis
: Tribals of Maharashtra, Gujarat and Dadra and Nagar Haveli.
  • Wancho
: Tribals found in North-East
  • Yurva
: Tribals found in Tamil Nadu

Time

Local Time : Parallels of longitude determine the time at place. Local time varies a from GMT (London) at the rate of four min/ degree of longitude.

Standard Time : It is the uniform time fixed by each country. As the local time is found to vary constantly from one plain to another, there is an arrangement by which all places in a certain region agree to use the same time.

Greenwich Mean Time (GMT) : It is the UK Standard time. It is based on the local line of the meridian passing through Greenwich near London.

International Date Line : The 180° eas meridian and 180° west meridian are one and the same line running over the Pacific Ocean, deviating at Fiji, Samoa, and Gilbert Islands. The International Date Line roughly corresponds to 180° east west meridian of longitude which falls on the opposite side the Greenwich meridian. When one crosses the date line from east to west the date is to be advanced by one day. Similarly when one crosses the Date Line from west to east, the date is to be set back by one day.

Wonders of the World

Seven Wonders of the Ancient World

A Greek author Antipater of Sidon (2nd century BC) was the first to list the greatest monuments and buildings as the Seven wonders of the World. Most of these structures are now in ruins except the ‘Pyramids of Egypt’, a portion of which has survived. Antipater listed the following Seven Wonders of the World:

1. The Pyramids of Egypt : These are royal tombs built more than 4000 years ago for the Egyptian Pharaohs and house their mummified bodies surrounded by their treasures and personal belongings. They are about 70 in number and represent 1200 years of ancient Egyptian history that flourished around the lower Nile (near Cairo). Of all seven wonders, the pyramids alone survive.

2. The Colossus of Rhodes : It was a bronze statue of the Greek sungod, Helios (Apollo) in the port city of Rhodes along the eastern part of the Mediterrianean Sea. It was sculpted around 325-292 BC by Charles of Lindus. It was destroyed during an earthquake in 224 BC.

3. The Hanging Gardens of Babylon : They were built in the 6th century BC by Nebuchadn-ezzar II near the Euphrates river (south of modern Baghdad, Iraq). The gardens consisted of a series of terraces at about 23-91 m (75 - 300 feet) above the ground level and water was piped down from the reservoir at the top of the terraces.

4. The Mausoleum at Shalicarn-assus : Also known as the Tomb of or Mauslilus (the King of Caria in Asia Minor-325 BC) at Halicarnassus on the eastern side of Aegean Sea in Turkey.

5. The Pharos of Alexandria : It was world’s first known lighthouse, built in 270 BC on the island of Pharos at the entrance of the port of Alexandria (chief port of Egypt on the Nile Delta). It was destroyed by an earthquake in the 14th century.

6. The Statue of Zeus (Jupiter) at Olympia : It was located in the valley of Olympia, in the southern peninsula of Greece and was made of wood; sometime in 5th century BC.

7. The Temple of Artemis (Diana) at Ephesus (Rome) : It was situated in . Asia Minor at Ephesus, an ancient but now vanished city, built some time in 6th century BC. It was destroyed by invading hordes in AD 262. The fragments of this structure are preserved in the British museum.

Other Wonders of the World

1. The Taj Mahal of Agra : Built in 1631-1653 by emperor Shahjahan in Agra as a mausoleum for his beloved wife Mumtaz Mahal. The tomb of Shahjahan also rests by its side.
2. The Great Wall of China : Built in the 3rd century BC to protect China against nomadic invaders from the north. It has a main line length of 3460 km, running across northern China up to the border with Turkestan.
3. The Eiffel Tower : Built by Alexander Gustave Eiffel for the 1889 Paris exhibition. It is about 300 m high.
4. The Leaning Tower of Pisa : Built by Bonanus of Pisa around AD 1154. It is a 54.5 m high tower made of marble.
5. The Sphinx : Near Gizeh in Egypt. It is a large winged, crouching lion hewn out of a solid rock-52.6 in long and 20.1 m high and built

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