Current Affairs for SSC CGL Exams - 18 January 2016

:: NATIONAL ::

The Someswara temple

The Someswara temple is nature's bounty for sure, tucked away in the backwaters of the Srisailamdam construction on which began in 1960 and 21 longy ears to be opened.
The dam was constructed across the Krishna river onthe border of Mahbubnagarand Kurnool district and is the second largest capacity, working hydro-electric station in India.
The temple of Someswara (Lord Shiva), believed to have been originally constructed in the 7thcentury. But the present temple structure is on a relocated site.
Of the temple per se, was built during the time of the Chalukyas, following the ‘Vesara’ style that is considered unique to what is now Telangana.
The main temple, with nine Shiva lingas was practically dismantled and relocated around the late 70s to a higher location because it faced submersion in the backwaters
The exercise to relocate the massive structure was modelled after the way in which the Abu Simpel temple was dismantled and re-constructed at a height of 600 to800 metres because it faced submersion following the construction of the Aswandam across the River Nile in Egypt.
The Abu Simbel temple was originally constructed in 1257 BC around the time of the Pharoah Ramses in Nubia on the West Bank of the River Nile and re-located once the dam came in place.

Endosulfan victims await relief promised

All are waiting in vain for the promised help from the State government, which included a detailed medical survey and a financial package ensuring proper rehabilitation of affected families but nothing happened so far.
Six years have passed since the National Human Rights Commission (NHRC) directed the State government to conduct a health survey and economically empower the poor victims of the killer pesticide, once sprayed indiscriminately in the mango orchards of Muthalamada
The order issued on December 31, 2010, directed the government to pay at least Rs. 5 lakh to the close relatives of those who died because of the aerial spraying of the banned pesticide.
An equal mount was promised to those who became permanently bedridden and suffered from severe deformities.
The NHRC also ordered payment of at least Rs. 3 lakh to all those who turned living victims of the killer pesticide.
Now the families of the living victims are demanding an expert study at Muthalamada, Elavanchery, Kozhinjampara, Velanthavalam, Vadakarapathi, Eruthempathy, Nenmara, and Nelliyampathygrama panchayats.

The “Most Wanted”

In the wake of the Pathankot terror attack, India has again raised its demand for action against Masood Azhar, the founder of Jaish-e-Mohammad.
The government is planning to formally demand that Azhar be handed over to India. It intends to deliver to Pakistan another “list of most wanted”, people accused of terror attacks in India, who are currently believed to be living in the neighbouring country, with Azhar on top of the list.
Azhar, who was one of three men released in exchange for 150Indians during the IC-814 hijack in 1999, activated his terror groups as soon as he reappeared in Pakistan, striking in quick succession in 2001 with the Jammu and Kashmir Assembly building bombing and the Parliament attack.
After the 1993 Mumbai blasts, India handed over a list of six more names, including Dawood Ibrahim and his associates, that were regularly brought up in India-Pakistan talks. India’s first fully collated list of “14 most wanted”, modelled after the U.S.’s FBI list,was handed over by the thenHome Minister L.K. Advani
However, after the Parliament attack, Mr. Advani’s new list hadAzhar on the top.
The next list of 20most wanted was handed over by India after the Mumbai attacks in 2008.
The handing over of the lists is a good “debating point” for India. Asking for Masood Azhar will not change anything, nor will asking for Hafiz Saeed or anyone on the list.
But it is a good debating point, and shows to the rest of the world how Pakistan has not been helpful.
In 2011, India proffered a list of 50 names, which was then amended in 2012. The Multi Agency Centre coordinated the two-week effort, to build the list after consulting the National Investigation Agency, the CBI, Intelligence Bureau and R&AW.
It was further updated to 60 names by the sameteam when NSA Ajit Dovalwas due to meet his Pakistan counterpart Sartaj Aziz in Au-gust 2015 but that meeting never took place
One thing, however, is clear, for the third time in the past decade and a half, Masood Azhar will no longer be in the background, but right on top of that list, as India’s most wanted.

Expert committee to revisit National Policy for Farmers

An expert commit-tee will be set up to re-examine the National Policy for Farmers (NPF) amidst growing number of suicides by farmers, the government has told the Supreme Court.
There is a need for an integrated approach and re-look at the present policy.
The present government recognises the need for supporting the farmers and has taken a number of steps for increasing production, productivity, realise remunerative prices and risk mitigation.
It said that Minimum Support Price for various crops was as per the Commission on Agricultural Costs and Prices(CACP) to promote de-risk farming and cut losses.

:: INTERNATIONAL ::

After IAEA confirmation sanctions removed from Iran

After IAEA confirmation on nuclear stock, Sanctions were removed from Iran.
Lifting of sanctions allowed Iran to rejoin the international economy. Although Iran kept it low key because of multiple disappointment and broken promises it has faced in past few years.
The end to the sanctions is a success for the government of President Hassan Rouhani, but comes at a cost for Iran’s ruling system.
Since the deal was signed last July, Iran has had to put into storage more than 12,000 centrifuges, ship out almost its entire stockpile of enriched uranium and remove the core of its heavy- water reactor.
Commentators have estimated a windfall of USD 100-150 billion for Tehran due to removal of sanctions.
The removal of sanctions will tremendously help India’s plans in Iran, which are many and include the Chabahar port, an Indian Oil petrochemical plant and the proposed Iran-Pakistan-India (IPI) gas pipeline.
India’s oil imports from Iran have been restricted by the sanctions and the recent forward movement on Chabahar port was accommodated within the exemption granted for projects exclusively serving commerce with Afghanistan.
The U.S. removed a wide range of sanctions against Iran after the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) confirmed that Tehran had met its commitments to roll back its nuclear programme, under an agreement with China, France, Russia, the U.K., the U.S. and Germany on July 14 2015
The U.S. has only removed secondary sanctions that restrict the dealings of other countries with Iran. Primary sanctions that bar U.S. citizens and companies from business with Iran will remain
However, the removal of restrictions on its oil, petrochemicals, banking, naturalgas and port sectors will hugely benefit Iran and allow it to re-enter the global market.
Iran will be able to access the huge amount of cash it has accumulated overseas from restricted oil sales during the sanctions. Most of this money is sitting in China, India, Japan, South Korea and Turkey.
Apart from Iranian oil, India will also benefit from theremoval of restrictions onpayments to Iranian companies that the sanctions had imposed. India reportedly owes Iran$6.5 billion for crude oil purchases, the payment of which has so far been held up due to the sanctions.
U.S. allies in the region fear that the U.S. focus onthe nuclear threat distracts theUnited States from the array ofother threats that Iran poses tothe region.
The U.S. will have to reassure Saudi and UAE andothers that that is not the case
The U.S. had also made itclear that it continued to treat Iran as a state sponsor of terrorism, and punitive actions prescribed for promoting terrorism, human rights violations and missile tests would continue.

:: BUSINESS and ECONOMY ::

Cash and tax benefits may come for scrapping old vehicles

In the UnionBudget this year, the government may announce cash and tax benefits to owners of old vehicles if they scrap and replace them and may also double the fleet of public transport buses to check pollution.
The Road, Transport and Highways Ministry has requested at least 50 per cent rebate in excise duty to people who, on purchase of new vehicles, give their old vehicles in exchange for scrapping.
A separate environment- friendly industry to scrap old vehicles is proposed to be set up.
Ministry has also requested accelerated depreciation of up to 50 per cent to auto industry on additional investment for bringing environment- friendly vehicles.
According to the proposed cash-for-clunkers scheme, consumers would get an incentive, including tax-exemptions, of up to Rs 30,000 for discarding passenger vehicles and up to Rs 1.5 lakh for commercial vehicles.

For increasing profit Air India will not oppose abolition of 5/20 rule

National carrier Air India, marking a major shift in its stance, has drop- ped its resistance to abolish five years and 20 aircraft norms, also known as 5/20 rule, for Indian carriers to be able to fly abroad.
According to the ‘5/20 rule’, all airlines in India are permitted to fly abroad only if it has five years of domestic flying experience and at least 20 aircraft in its fleet.
The Union government has drafted a ‘civil aviation policy,’ that is yet to go to the Cabinet for which its it approval, is evaluating in abolishing the ‘5/20 airlines rule’.
The industry is divided over the issue of ‘5/20 rule’. The private air- lines which are allowed to fly abroad — IndiGo, Jet Airways, Spi- ceJet — have all opposed the proposal to abolish the rule as it will impact their market.
However, the new airlines vistara and AirAsia India are in favour of scrapping the decade-old rule which is restricting them to fly to international airports from India.

Like Brazil and US India may have a flex fuel policy

India can soon expect a policy on flexible-fuel cars, cars that can run on bio-ethanol and petrol, or a blend of both.
The move to flex-fuels will decrease pollution and encourage a diversion in the sugar industry’s output away from sugar and towards ethanol.
Biofuel production would helpfarmers by supporting the diversification of agriculture into energy, power and bio-plastics.
A policy on flex-fuel vehicles is likely to affect the automotive industry in several ways.
Flex-fuels are widely used in several countries, famously Brazil and the United States, where they are available at the pump; examples include E10, E15, E85, the number reflecting the proportion of ethanol.
The technology for the engines that can take these fuels is certainly not new but making the engines available in India will take the greater part of a year at least.
It requires modifications along the supply chain and calibrating the engine for Indian conditions.
Additionally, such a policy will give manufacturers who are already in flex-fuel markets an advantage over indigenous producers.
Volkswagen, Chevrolet, Ford, Toyota, Nissan and Hyundai are among those who have a presence in Brazil and manufacture flex fuel cars.
While a regular vehicle not especially made for biofuels could run on these fuels for a few years, this is not a feasible strategy in the medium to long-term for several reasons.
One of the reasons is that ethanol, unlike petrol, is prone to oxidation and this can cause gum- like sediments to accumulate in various engine parts.
Ethanol also reacts with other materials in the car, such as rubber, and this causes degradation. Consequently, if flex fuels are to be rolled out, engines will have to be built for them — and this will mean an additional variant for manufacturers’ production plants.

:: SPORTS ::

Delhi won premier badminton league final

Delhi Acers’ calculated gamble paid of as its British- import Rajiv Ouseph pulled of his ‘trump’ match against a des- perate R.M.V. Gurusaidutt of Mumbai Rockets in the tie-decider of the Premier Badminton League final.
The 4-3 triumph for Delhi was worth Rs. 3 crore. Mumbai settled for Rs. 2 crore out of the total prize fund of approximately Rs. 6.5 crore.